Finance

APY Calculator

What this does

Convert a nominal interest rate (APR) into the effective annual yield (APY) for any compounding frequency.

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Why banks quote both

US regulation (Truth in Savings) requires APY on deposit products precisely because nominal rates understate real earnings. When comparing accounts, compare APYs; they are directly comparable regardless of compounding style.

Loans run the other way

For borrowing, the same math works against you: frequent compounding raises the effective cost of a nominal loan rate. Mortgage APR disclosures attempt the reverse adjustment.

The math behind this calculator

APY = (1 + APR/m)^m − 1

Nominal rates quote a yearly figure without acknowledging intra-year compounding. APY applies the compounding explicitly: split the nominal rate across m periods per year, compound, and measure the true yearly growth.

Assumptions & limitations

  • Rate stays constant through the year.
  • Interest reinvests immediately at the same rate.
  • No fees or promotional tiers included.

Worked example

A 5% APR compounded monthly yields about 5.12% APY; free extra return purely from compounding twelve times a year.

Frequently asked questions

Which matters more, APY or compounding frequency?
APY; it already bundles frequency. A daily-compounded 4.9% nominal account can beat a monthly-compounded 4.95% one.
What is continuous compounding?
The mathematical limit as m → ∞: APY = e^APR − 1. At 5% that is about 5.13%, barely above daily compounding.
Is APY the same as EAR?
Yes; effective annual rate and APY describe the same concept.

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